The elevator is now used as the spine of high-rise buildings, it feels comfortable and gentle for people up and down the floor, in addition to the values, economic value, elevator also brings modern drawing to the building , whether it is an elevator loading hotel, office, commercial center, or family elevator, it gradually become a device that is not lacking in the construction or renovating works.
To help users, who need to install elevators better understand the structure of elevators, we outlined some of the structure and operation principles of the elevator as follows:
+ Elevator pits are placed along the height of the building, smoothly from top to bottom.
+ Machine room usually arranged at the top of the shaft (for elevator with machine room).
+ Pit pits are located beneath the lowest floor of the building.
+ All electrical equipment, mechanical equipments are sealed and safe in the ladder, machine room:
-Elevator control System (Control Panel): Are electrical devices, electronic control programmatically ensure the elevators operate in accordance with the required functions. The elevator transports ordinary people using the combined control principle for high productivity (at the same time can receive multiple control commands or call the floor even when the ladder stops and in motion). The press buttons in the cabin allow to perform movement commands to the required floors. The push button at the floor door allows passengers to call the cabin to the floor door standing. The signal lights at the floor and in the cabin indicate the working status of the elevators and the location of the cabin.
+ Guide Rails: Installed along the shaft to guide the cabin and respect the movement along the ladder. The guide rails ensure that the respect and the cabin are always in their design position in the hole of the elevator and are not moved horizontally during the movement process. In addition to the guide rails must ensure the hardness to keep the cabin weight and the load in the cabin in the direction rails along with the dynamic load components when the insurance set work (in case of cable breakage or the cabin comes down at a speed greater than the price Allowed).
-Traction Motor: Usually mounted in the machine room on the roof shaft (sometimes also mounted in holes). Is the suture of the reducer box under a specified velocity that spins the cabin pull pulley up and down. The traction Motor is linked to the cabin and the argument by the rope lifts through the motor’s friction pulley system and the pulley on the cabin suspension system and the argument. When the Motor pulls operation, the friction pulley robs and transfers motion to the lifting cable as the cabin and moves the movement up or down along the ladder shaft. Motor is an important element that greatly affects the quality of the elevator operation, it is adapted to the requirements thanks to an electronic control system in control Panel.
-On the traction Motor also mount a brake set: It performs the task of keeping the cabin standing in the stop position. Impact block is two-pads brake clamps for brake. Spindle-mounted brake with motor shaft. The closing opening operation of the brake is coordinated with rhythmic work of the freezing process.
-Speed limit Set Cable: Associate the speed limit set with the protection of the insurer’s lever and the speed-limiting cable tension. When the cable or cable is broken on the Puli track due to insufficient friction that the cabin goes down exceeds the allowable speed, the set limits the rate of impact on the insurer to stop the cabin rests on the guiding rails in the ladder shaft. In some elevators, the insurer and the speed restriction unit are also equipped for the enemy.
-Speed limit set: As the safety unit when the velocity changes due to a cause that exceeds the allowable velocity, the speed restriction set will turn on the motor control cutting mechanism and the insurance unit will work.
-Damper: Is installed under the bottom of the pit to stop and trap the cabin and respect in case the cabin or opponent moves downwards, exceeding the last cruise restriction switch position. The damper must have a high enough height so that when the cabin or opponent targets it, there is sufficient required space at the bottom so that the stop of the cabin or respect does not exceed the value allowed to be defined in the standard; At the same time make sure to be a safe space for repairs.
-Cabin doors and floor doors: Usually the sliding door on one side or the sides and only closed open when the Cabin stops correctly in front of the floor thanks to the opening closing structure (motor open) on the roof of the Cabin. The Cabin and floor doors are equipped with a touch lock and electric contacts to ensure the safety of the elevators are operational.
The opening motor is a one-way or alternating motor that generates torque to open the cabin in conjunction with the open floor. When the cabin stops on the right floor, the time relay closes the open motor control circuit, which operates according to a certain rule, ensuring the process of quiet opening is no impact. If it is unfortunate that a thing or a person sandwiched between the floor is on the door, it will open automatically thanks to the special section at the edge of the door with a response to the engine through control Panel.
The ladder will not work if one of the next is not closed. The contact lock system also ensures the closure of the floor doors and cannot be opened from outside when the cabin is not in the right door position. Floor doors and cabin doors are closed simultaneously. At the top and bottom points there are set restrictions on the itinerary for the cabin.
-Cabin (18) and respect: The Cabin is an important executive element in the elevator, which is the place for cargo or goods to the floors. To ensure that the cabin operates both in the up and down process, there is loads or no load people use a opponent with a flat motion with the cabin but in the opposite direction.
The Cabin and the argument are hanging on two lifting cables thanks to the suspension. This system guarantees the individual cable branches the same tension. The lifting cable is squeezed through the cable groove of the traction Motor pulley. When moving, the cabin and the key face the rails on the shaft in the ladder thanks to the guide mounts. Lifting cable systems, guide rails, cabins and weights are located in a flat surface to ensure smooth, precise motion, no vibration during movement. The Cabin, the Reducer box, the key to create a rhythmic movement coordinated by the drag Motor
The Cabin must ensure a suitable size, high aesthetic and amenities such as light, blower, air conditioning, sound, Operation panel… A pleasant feeling for guests in the cabin is convenient. Other auxiliary equipment such as blowers, bells, contact phones, indicators of motion-dimensional alarm, Operation panel… Is installed in the cabin to create the customer a pleasant feeling when the elevator goes.